This post is the first in a series about getting started with MooTools.
The MooTools website states – “MooTools is a compact, modular, Object-Oriented JavaScript framework designed for the intermediate to advanced JavaScript developer. It allows you to write powerful, flexible, and cross-browser code with its elegant, well documented, and coherent API.”
If you are just getting started with MooTools, the syntax is quite a bit more streamlined than stock JavaScript. I wanted to provide some examples of stock JavaScript and the MooTools equivalent. In general its easier to start learning by example then once you get some of the core ideas down you can be more successful as you continue to learn MooTools. Future parts in this series will focus on the individual concepts in more details, but for now the point is to get you writing streamlined MooTools code.
Note: The MooTools docs are an excellent source for any questions you have since there is tons of great info and examples there as well.
Core and More
MooTools is split into 2 files, Core and More. The Core library is the main file for MooTools that you will always need. The More library contains additional plugins that might be useful to you. There is a More builder that allows you pick and choose what optional components you need. This way you can keep the More size down to only the extra things you need. For now, I’ll just be dealing with concepts in the Core library.
Element references
JavaScript
//single reference
var el = document.getElementById('id');
//all div tags
var divs = document.getElementsByTagName('div');
MooTools
//single reference
var el = $('id');
var el2 = document.id('id'); //use this instead of $() with jQuery
//all tags
var divs = $$('div');
$() is a quick way to get an element reference and extend it with MooTools methods. Keep in mind you should use document.id() instead of you plan to use jQuery too (I don’t recommend mixing frameworks, but somtimes its unavoidable). $$() is a very powerful function that selects and extends a set of elements you specify. It returns an array and allows you to manipulate each item individually and even all at once.
Changing CSS properties
JavaScript
document.getElementById('id').style.backgroundColor = '#f00';
MooTools
//single css property
$('id').setStyle('background-color', '#f00');
//multiple css properties
$('id').setStyles({
'background-color': '#f00',
'color': '#000'
});
Setting styles is much more organized and allows you to stick with the “real” css property names when you are setting them. There are also getStyle() and getStyles() methods that work in a similar way but simply give you the values.
Manipulate innerHTML
JavaScript
document.getElementById('id').innerHTML = '<div><h1>header</h1></div>';
MooTools
//set innerHTML
$('id').set('html', '<div><h1>header</h1></div>');
//get innerHTML
$('id').get('html');
The set() and get() methods can be used with any attributes on the element. You can also pass in an object to the set() method to set multiple things in a single call.
CSS class manipulation
JavaScript
document.getElementById('id').className = 'class1 class2';
MooTools
//add class
$('id').addClass('class1');
$('id').addClass('class2');
//removes class (leaves other classes intact)
$('id').removeClass('class1');
//toggle class (removes if already applied, adds otherwise)
$('id').toggleClass('class2');
Class manipulation is much easier to deal with and the toggleClass() method is pretty helpful when used on click events to toggle something between 2 states.
Events
JavaScript
document.getElementById('id').onclick = function() {
alert('clicked!');
}
document.getElementById('id').onmouseover = function() {
this.style.cursor = 'pointer';
}
MooTools
//single event
$('id').addEvent('click', function() {
alert('clicked!');
});
//multiple events
$('id').addEvents({
'click': function() {
alert('clicked!');
},
'mouseover': function() {
this.setStyle('cursor', 'pointer');
}
});
Events are organized much better allows the code to be more concise.
Looping
JavaScript
var divs = document.getElementsByTagName('div');
//process each div individually
for(var i = 0; i < divs.length; i++) {
divs[i].style.backgroundColor = '#f00';
divs[i].onclick = function() {
alert('clicked!');
};
}
MooTools
var divs = $$('div');
//process each div individually
divs.each(function(div, index) {
div.setStyle('background-color', '#f00');
div.addEvent('click', function() {
alert('clicked!');
});
});
//process all divs at once (very helpful!)
divs.setStyle('background-color', '#f00');
divs.addEvents('click', function() {
alert('clicked!');
});
Using the $$() returns an array of elements and MooTools allows you to process each element individually like traditional JavaScript or you can use shorthand and apply to all the elements in the array. This is super helpful and quick to code whenever you want to change CSS, add classes, add events and more to the entire collection of elements.
Body onload event
JavaScript
window.onload = function() {
alert('loaded!');
}
MooTools
//fires before onload
window.addEvent('domready', function() {
alert('domready!');
});
domready is a custom event that MooTools adds that allows code to run as soon as the DOM is ready to go. No need to wait until the load event fires which is a little later. Of course you can also add mulitple events to the window as well using the addEvents() method.
The future
I’ll write more posts in the future with more common examples like above and also plan to dive into more specific topics (i.e. $$(), event handling, etc) to give even more insight. Let me know what you think.
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